Ethnicity Stereotypes
Theorist Andy Medhurst argues that the media creates stereotypes of places through"Magnification of negative aspects of that group" (Medhurst, 1988).
He says thesis done to make the ruling group (usually straight, middle class, middle aged, white males) feel superior.
S.Hall said in 1981, blacks are stereotyped
as; "The social problem," (Hall, 1981) and this is a stereotype
that
has been embraced by Hip-Hop culture.
Theorist Sarita Malik points out the obvious 1998); “The word ‘race’ in the cultural and political terrain has almost universally been aligned with Black and Asian people, as though they are the only racial groups that ‘own’ an ethnicity… Whiteness has been naturalized, as though it is an invisible ‘norm.’ When it is of course an ethnic group like any other.
Malik argues: “Many feel that Black and Asian audiences are still not sufficiently catered for and that insensitivity towards issues of race and ethnicity still exist. The reality of a lived multiculturalism is not represented in the British media."
This shows how black people are portrayed as violent in the music industry, as he's standing in a threatening way.
Gender Stereotypes
Laura Mulvey (1975) argued women in the media are used as; "Erotic objects of desire for males on screen and in the audience," (Mulvey, 1975).
Gauntlett (2002) argues males in the media still follow traditional stereotypes as they are shown as, "Alpha males who control the action with violence," (Gauntlett, 2002).
Mackillon argues something slightly difference, ‘Males are now shown as sexual objects of desire who are more concerned with image,’ (Mackillon, 2002).
Youth Stereotypes
Stanley Hall (1904):
“ Adolescence is inherently a time of
storm & stress when all young people go through some degree of emotional
and behavioural upheaval, before establishing a more stable equilibrium at
adulthood." Hall also argued that:1. The common mood of teenagers is a state of depression.
2. Criminal activity increases between the ages of 12 & 24.
3. Young people are extreme and need excitement; “Youth must have excitement and if this is not at hand in the form of moral intellectual enthusiasms it is more prone to be sought in; sex, drink or drugs.”
This is an example of the stereotypes described by Stanley Hall, that describes the youth, specifically teenagers, as being in a consistent state of depression, as well as being violent and seeking excitement through sex and drugs.
Old Age and Disability Stereotypes
EVANS (1998), drawing on the works of Freud and other
psychoanalysis, states:
“Disable people are seen as childish, dependant and
underdeveloped and are regarding as ‘other’ and are punished by being excluded from
ordinary life. Thus popular images and rhetoric of disabled people abound which
comfort us with people who are imperfect, helpless, disgusting, shitty,
dribbling – a threat to rigid ego boundaries.
The two of these music magazines show that there are no disabled rock stars or pop stars
This is how disabled people are portrayed in the media normally, being weak and comedy relief
Class Stereotypes
Richard Butsch (1992) who says working class males
in the media are presented as; "Incompetent and
ineffectual, often a buffoon, well-intentioned but dumb. In almost all
working-class series, the male is flawed, some more than others..
In the media, working class men; such as Homer Jay Simpson; are portrayed as complete idiots and buffoons. However famous people are idiots too, such as the infamous Justin Bieber.
In the media, working class men; such as Homer Jay Simpson; are portrayed as complete idiots and buffoons. However famous people are idiots too, such as the infamous Justin Bieber.
